1. Tout d'abord, j'ai considéré le 25 mai, et mon avis n'a pas varié, qu'il eût été contraire du bien du Pays que je suivisse les ministres à l'étranger.Abandonner l'armée avant la bataille terminée eût été une faute militaire, car toute resistance se fût instantanément effondrée.M'évader au moment de la reddition des armes me semblait un acte contraire à l'honneur d'un chef d'armée.Sans force militaire réelle, ma présence à l'étranger n'aurait eu que la valeur d'un symbole; quelques ministres y suffisaient.Par contre, le territoire se trouvant au pouvoir de l'envahisseur, il importait que le Chef de l'Etat n'en sortît qu'emmené de force par le vainqueur; sa présence était d'autant plus nécessaire que de grave défections soudain révélées menaçaient l'unité de la Nation et que, par une aberration funeste, la plupart des notables avaient fui et trop d'autorités avaient déserté.Au moment où les Alliés étaient terrassés par un désastre foudroyant et l'ennemi exalté par des succès militaires sans exemple, c'est en partageant l'adversité de mon armée et de mon peuple que j'affirmais l'indissoluble union de la Dynastie et de l'Etat et que je sauvegardais les intérêts de la Patrie quelle que fût l'issue de la guerre.Ainsi l'honneur militaire, la dignité de la Couronne, le bien du Pays concordaient à m'interdire de suivre le Gouvernement hors de la Belgique.2. Je n'ai jamais cessé de considérer comme mon suprême devoir de contribuer toutes mes forces au maintient de l'indépendance nationale.À l'exemple de mes prédécesseurs, j'ai toujours respecté la Constitution. En aucune circonstance, je n'ai eu l'intention d'y porter atteinte.Je ne conçois sa révision éventuelle que par la volonté du peuple belge librement exprimée.Les bruits qui ont tendu à jeter le doute sur ces points sont dénués de fondement, et quiconque les a propagés a calomnié la Dynastie et commis un crime contre la Belgique.Pour le surplus, depuis le 28 mai 1940, je me suis tenu strictement à la position de prisonnier de guerre aux mains de l'ennemi et j'ai jugé conforme à la dignité de la Couronne et à l'interêt de la Nation de ne m'en départir ni directement ni indirectement.L'abstention dans le domaine politique n'excluait pas l'intervention sur le terrain humanitaire au bénéfice des personnes, des collectivités, voire de l'ensemble de la population.Les recours en grâce, la libération ou tout au moins l'allègement du sort de nos prisonniers de guerre, le ravitaillement de la population, ont été l'objet constant de mon attention. Dans ce domaine mes efforts ont abouti partiellement; en matière de déportations et de charges financières, mes démarches se sont malheureusement heurtées à des décisions inflexibles...Le passé se trouvant ainsi éclairé, tournons-nous vers les tâches de l'avenir.1. First of all, on May 25, I considered, and my opinion has not altered, that it would have been contrary to the good of the Country for me to follow the ministers abroad.To abandon the army before the battle was over, would have been a military error, for all resistance would have immediately collapsed.To escape at the moment of surrender, seemed to me to be an act contrary to the honor of the head of an army.Without real military strength, my presence, abroad, would have had only symbolic value; a few ministers were enough.On the other hand, at a time when the country found itself under the power of the invader, it was important that the Head of State not leave, unless he were deported by force by the conquerer; his presence was all the more necessary, as serious defections, revealed suddenly, threatened the unity of the Nation and as, by a disastrous aberration, most of our leading men had fled and many in positions of authority had deserted.At a moment when the Allies were overwhelmed by a terrible disaster and the enemy exalted by unexampled military successes, it was by sharing the misfortunes of my army and my people that I affirmed the indissoluble union of the Dynasty and the State, and that I protected the interests of our Country, whatever the outcome of the war.Thus, military honor, the dignity of the Crown, and the good of the Country all forbad me to follow the Government outside of Belgium.2. I have never ceased to consider, as my highest duty, contributing all my strength towards the maintenance of national independence.Following the example of my predecessors, I have always respected the Constitution. Under no circumstances have I had the intention to violate it.I envisage its eventual revision only by means of the will of the Belgian people, freely expressed.The rumors which have cast doubt on these points are without foundation, and whoever has propagated them has calumniated the Dynasty and committed a crime against Belgium.In addition, since May 28, 1940, I have held myself strictly to my position as a prisoner of war, and I have judged it to be accordance with the dignity of the Crown and the interest of the Nation, not to depart from it, either directly or indirectly.The abstention from political activity did not exclude humanitarian intervention for the benefit of individuals and groups; in other words, for the population as a whole.Petitions for clemency; liberation, or, at least, alleviation of the sufferings, of our prisoners of war; the population's food supply, have been the constant object of my attention. In this realm, my efforts have been partially successful. As regards deportations and financial burdens, my interventions have, unfortunately, met with inflexible decisions...Now that the past is clarified, let us turn to the tasks of the future.
Friday, February 6, 2009
Political Testament: Part I
Here are excerpts from the preamble to the "Political Testament" of King Leopold III of the Belgians. He begins by explaining his motives for writing the document, namely, his concern that he may be deported to Germany by the Nazis and, in consequence, be absent from Belgium at the moment of its liberation by the Allies. In such an event, since he will not be able to guide the country in person, he wishes to provide, in writing, his advice for post-war reconstruction. Before proceeding to his recommendations, however, he explains and defends his decision, made four years earlier, to remain in Belgium during the occupation, rather than to follow his government into exile, and outlines his wartime activities for the benefit of his people:
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